Izindaba ezinkulu zezimayini zomhlaba zango-2023

Izimakethe zensimbi nezimbiwa phansi ziyaguquguquka ngezikhathi ezinhle kakhulu - ukwehla kwenani le-nickel, i-cobalt kanye ne-lithium ngo-2023 kwakudlulele kodwa kwakungakaze kwenzeke ngaphambili. Abakhiqizi bomhlaba abangavamile, abalindi bensimbi beqembu leplatinamu, abalandeli bensimbi yensimbi, nezimbungulu zegolide nezesiliva ngaleyo ndaba, badlule ebubini.

Izinkampani zezimayini sezingcono kakhulu ekuzulazuleni emanzini aguquguqukayo, kodwa ukuvalwa okuphoqelekile kwezinye zezimayini zethusi ezinkulu ezizokhiqizwa emashumini eminyaka amuva nje kube yisikhumbuzo esiqinile sezingozi ezinkulu abavukuzi ababhekana nazo ngaphezu kokushintsha kwezimakethe.

IPanama ivala imayini yethusi enkulukazi

Ngemva kwezinyanga zemibhikisho kanye nengcindezi yezombangazwe, ekupheleni kukaNovemba uhulumeni wasePanama wayala ukuba kuvalwe imayini ye-First Quantum Minerals' Cobre Panama kulandela isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme esamemezela isivumelwano sezimayini sokusebenza.okuphambene nomthethosisekelo.

Izibalo zomphakathi ezihlanganisa isishoshovu sezulu uGreta Thunberg kanye nomlingisi waseHollywoodULeonardo Di Capriowasekela imibhikisho futhiwabelane ngevidiyoibiza ukuthi "imayini ye-mega" imise ukusebenza, okuvele kwanda ngokushesha.

Isitatimende sakamuva se-FQM ngoLwesihlanu sithe uhulumeni wasePanama akazange anikeze isisekelo esisemthethweni enkampanini eseVancouver.ukulandela uhlelo lokuvala, uhlelo uMnyango wezimboni wezwe elimaphakathi neMelika othe luzokwethulwa kuphela ngoJuni ngonyaka ozayo.

I-FQMufakeizaziso ezimbili zokulamula mayelana nokuvalwa kwemayini, engakaze isebenze kusukela ababhikishiivimbe ukufinyelela echwebeni layo lokuthumelango-Okthoba. Kodwa-ke, ukulamula angeke kube umphumela okhethwa yinkampani, kusho isikhulu esiphezulu uTristan Pascall.

Ngemva kwalezi zinxushunxushu, i-FQM ithe bekufanele ikhulume kangcono ngenani lezimayini eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10 emphakathini obanzi, futhi manje izochitha isikhathi esiningi ixoxisana nabantu basePanamani ngaphambi kokhetho lukazwelonke ngonyaka ozayo. Amasheya e-FQM ehle kakhulu evikini elidlule, kodwa asahweba ngaphezu kuka-50% ngaphansi kwenani eliphakeme kakhulu likaJulayi kulo nyaka.

Ukushoda kwethusi okucatshangelwayo kuyahwamuka

Ukuvalwa kwe-Cobre Panama kanye nokuphazamiseka kokusebenza obekungalindelekile okuphoqa izinkampani zezimayini zethusi ukuthi zinciphise okukhiphayo kubone ukususwa okungazelelwe kwamathani acishe abe ngu-600,000 okulindelekile, kususe imakethe ensaleni enkulu elindelwe ingene kubhalansi, noma ngisho nekushoda.

Iminyaka embalwa eyalandela bekufanele ibe yisikhathi sokuningi ngethusi, ngenxa yochungechunge lwamaphrojekthi amasha amakhulu aqala emhlabeni jikelele.

Obekulindelekile embonini yonke bekuwukuthola imali eningi ngaphambi kokuba imakethe iqinise futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kule minyaka eyishumi lapho kukhula isidingoizimoto zikagesifuthiingqalasizinda yamandla avuselelekayokulindeleke ukuthi ingqubuzane nokushoda kwezimayini ezintsha.

Esikhundleni salokho, imboni yezimayini igcizelele ukuthi ukunikezwa kungaba sengozini kangakanani - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenxa yokuphikiswa kwezombusazwe nezenhlalakahle, ubunzima bokuthuthukisa imisebenzi emisha, noma nje inselele yansuku zonke yokudonsa amadwala phezulu ekujuleni komhlaba.

Intengo ye-lithium ihanjiswa ekuhlinzekweni kokuhlinzekwa

Intengo ye-lithium yehliswa ngo-2023, kodwa izibikezelo zonyaka ozayo zikude kakhulu. Isidingo se-lithium kusukaizimoto zikagesiisakhula ngokushesha, kodwa impendulo yokuhlinzekwa kwempahla iye yakhungathekisa imakethe.

Ukuhlinzekwa kwe-lithium emhlabeni jikelele, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuzokweqa ngamaphesenti angama-40 ngo-2024, kusho i-UBS ekuqaleni kwale nyanga, iye kumathani angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1.4 e-lithium carbonate elingana.

Umphumela kubakhiqizi abaphezulu e-Australia kanyei-Latin Americaizonyuka ngo-22% no-29% ngokulandelana, kanti e-Afrika kulindeleke ukuthi iphindeke kabili, eqhutshwa izinhlelo zaseZimbabwe, kusho ibhange.

Ukukhiqizwa kwamaShayina kuzophinde kweqe ngamaphesenti angama-40 eminyakeni emibili ezayo, kusho i-UBS, iqhutshwa iphrojekthi enkulu ye-CATL esifundazweni saseJiangxi esiseningizimu.

Ibhange lokutshalwa kwezimali lilindele ukuthi amanani entengo ye-lithium carbonate yaseShayina angehla ngaphezu kuka-30% ngonyaka ozayo, ehle aze afike ku-80,000 yuan ($14,800) ithani ngalinye ngo-2024, okulinganiselwa ku-100,000 yuan, okulingana nezindleko zokukhiqiza eJiangxi, isifunda esikhulu sokukhiqiza eChina. ikhemikhali.

Izimpahla ze-lithium zisadingeka kakhulu

Ngo-Okthoba, i-Albemarle Corp.ihambe ekuthatheni kwayo amabhiliyoni angama-4.2ye-Liontown Resources Ltd., ngemva kokuba owesifazane ocebe kakhulu e-Australia ezakhe idlanzana futhi wagebenga enye yezivumelwano ezinkulu zebhethri-metal kuze kube manje.

Imagange ukungeza into entsha, i-Albemarle yayiphishekele umgomo wayo osuselwa ePerth izinyanga, ibheka iphrojekthi yayo yase-Kathleen Valley - enye yediphozithi ethembisa kakhulu yase-Australia. I-Liontown yavuma ukunikezwa kwenkampani yase-US “okungcono kakhulu nokokugcina” kwesheya elingu-A$3 ngo-Septhemba — iprimiyamu ecishe ibe ngu-100% enanini ngaphambi kokuba inzalo yokuthatha kuka-Albemarle yenziwe esidlangalaleni ngoMashi.

U-Albemarle kwadingeka abhekane nokufika kwenjinga yezimayini u-Gina Rinehart, njenge-Hancock Prospecting yakhe.inyuse kancane kancane amasheya angu-19.9%.eLiontown. Ngesonto eledlule, ube ngumtshali zimali oyedwa omkhulu kunabo bonke, onamandla okwanele ukuvimba ivoti labanikazi bamasheya esivumelwaneni.

NgoDisemba, i-SQM ihlanganyele ne-Hancock Prospecting ukwenza ibhidi elimnandi lika-A$1.7 billion ($1.14 billion) lonjiniyela wase-Australia i-Azure Minerals, la maqembu amathathu asho ngoLwesibili.

Lesi sivumelwano sizonikeza umkhiqizi we-lithium ongunombolo 2 womhlaba i-SQM ithuba lokungena e-Australia nokubamba iqhaza kuphrojekthi ye-Azure's Andover kanye nokubambisana no-Hancock, onengqalasizinda yezitimela kanye nolwazi lwasendaweni ekuthuthukiseni izimayini.

I-Chile, iMexico ilawula i-lithium

UMengameli waseChile uGabriel Boric umemezele ngo-Ephreli ukuthi uhulumeni wakhe uzoletha imboni ye-lithium yezwe ngaphansi kokulawulwa kombuso, esebenzisa imodeli lapho umbuso uzosebenzisana nezinkampani ukuze kuthuthukiswe intuthuko yasekhaya.

Iinqubomgomo ekade ilindelwekumkhiqizi wesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni wensimbi yebhethri ihlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwenkampani kazwelonke ye-lithium, kusho u-Boric.kumabonakude kazwelonke.

UMongameli waseMexico u-Andrés Manuel López Obrador ngoSepthemba uthe izimvume zezwe ze-lithium ziyabuyekezwa, ngemuva kokuthi iGanfeng yaseChina ngenyanga edlule iveze ukuthi ukuvunyelwa kwayo kwe-lithium yaseMexico kuyakhanselwa.

I-López Obrador yenza ngokusemthethweni izindawo zokugcina i-lithium zaseMexico ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka kwathi ngo-Agasti, uGanfeng wathi iziphathimandla zezimayini zaseMexico zikhiphe isaziso ezinkampanini ezingaphansi kwazo ezibonisa ukuthi izivumelwano zayo eziyisishiyagalolunye sezinqanyuliwe.

Igolide elizokwakhiwa onyakeni wokusetha irekhodi

Intengo yegolide yesikhathi esizayo yaseNew York inyuke kakhulu ekuqaleni kukaDisemba futhi ibukeka izodlula inani eliphakeme eliya onyakeni omusha.

Isilinganiso senani legolide laseLondon lifike phezulu kakhulu ku-$2,069.40 endalini yantambama ngoLwesithathu, ladlula irekhodi langaphambili lika-$2,067.15 elabekwa ngo-Agasti 2020, kusho iLondon Bullion Market Association (LBMA).

“Ayikho into engiyicabangayo ebonisa ngokucacile indima yegolide njengenqolobane yenani elikhulu kunentshiseko abatshalizimali emhlabeni wonke abaphenduke ngayo ensimbi phakathi neziyaluyalu zakamuva zezomnotho nezombusazwe,” kusho isikhulu esiphezulu se-LMBA uRuth Crowell.

U-JPMorgan ubikezele irekhodi elisha emuva ngo-Julayi kodwa wayelindele ukuthi ukuphakama okusha kwenzeke engxenyeni yesibili ka-2024. Isisekelo sethemba le-JPMorgan lika-2024 - amanani enzalo e-US ahlayo - ahlala njalo:

"Ibhange linenani elilinganiselwe lika-$2,175 iwunsi yebhiliyoni engxenyeni yokugcina ka-2024, kanti ubungozi busuke bubheke phezulu esibikezelweni sokwehla komnotho e-US okungenzeka kuhlasele esikhathini esithile ngaphambi kokuthi i-Fed iqale ukudamba."

Ngisho nalapho igolide likhuphuka inani eliphakeme, ukusetshenziswa kwemali yokuhlola ensimbi eyigugu kwacwiliswa. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ngoNovemba izabelomali zokuhlola izimayini zizonke zehle kulo nyaka okokuqala kusukela ngo-2020, lehla ngo-3% laya ku-$12.8 billion ezinkampanini ezingu-2,235 ezabele izimali zokuthola noma zokwandisa amadiphozithi.

Naphezu kwentengo yegolide elicwebezelayo, isabelomali sokuhlola igolide, ngokomlando obekuqhutshwa kakhulu umkhakha wezimayini omncane kunanoma iyiphi enye insimbi noma izimbiwa, zehle ngo-16% noma ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.1 unyaka nonyaka zaba ngaphansi kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha, okumelela u-46% ingqikithi yomhlaba.

Lokho kwehle kusuka ku-54% ngo-2022 phakathi kwezindleko eziphezulu ku-lithium, i-nickel nezinye izinsimbi zebhethri, ukwanda kokuchithwa kwemali ku-uranium nomhlaba ongavamile kanye nokukhuphuka kwethusi.

Unyaka wezimayini we-M&A, ama-spin-offs, ama-IPO, namadili e-SPAC

NgoDisemba, ukuqagela nge-Anglo American (LON: AAL)ekubeni yisisulu sokuthathwaimbangi noma inkampani yangasese yamasheya efakwe, njengoba ubuthakathaka emasheya omvukuzi ohlukene buqhubeka.

Uma i-Anglo American ingaguquli ukusebenza futhi intengo yamasheya iqhubeka nokuntenga, abahlaziyi be-Jefferies bathi ngeke “bakhiphe ukuthi i-Anglo ihileleke enkambweni ebanzi yokuhlanganiswa kwemboni,” ngokwenothi labo locwaningo.

Ngo-Okthoba, abanikazi bamasheya be-Newcrest Mining bavotela ngokuqinile ukwamukela ibhidi yokuthenga elinganiselwa ku-$17 billion evela enkampanini enkulu yezimayini zegolide i-Newmont Corporation.

I-Newmont (NYSE: NEM) ihlela ukuqoqa imali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili zamaRandi ngokuthengiswa kwezimayini kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwephrojekthi kulandela ukutholwa. Ukutholwa kwenza inani lenkampani lifinyelele cishe ku-$50 billion futhi kwengeza izimayini ezinhlanu ezisebenzayo kanye namaphrojekthi amabili athuthukile kumgodlagodla waseNewmont.

Ukuhlukana nokushintshashintsha kube yingxenye enkulu yentuthuko yezinkampani yango-2023.

Ngemva kokuphikiswa izikhathi eziningi emkhankasweni wayo wokuthenga yonke i-Teck Resources, i-Glencore nozakwethu wase-Japan basesimweni esingcono.ukuletha ibhidi lika-$9 billion weyunithi yamalahle ehlukahlukene yabasebenzi basezimayini baseCanadakuze kube sekugcineni. Ibhidi yokuqala ye-CEO ye-Glencore u-Gary Nagle yenkampani yonke ibhekane nokuphikiswa okuqinile okuvela kuhulumeni we-Liberal ka-Justin Trudeau kanye nondunankulu wase-British Columbia, lapho inkampani izinze khona.

I-Vale (NYSE: VALE) ayifuni ozakwethu abasha beyunithi yayo yensimbi eyisisekelo kulandela ukuthengiswa kwezabelo zakamuva, kodwa ingase icabangeleIPOophikweni ingakapheli iminyaka emithathu noma emine, kusho isikhulu esiphezulu u-Eduardo Bartolomeo ngo-Okthoba.

U-Vale waqasha owayengumphathi we-Anglo American Plc u-Mark Cutifani ngo-April ukuthi ahole ibhodi elizimele elizoqondisa uphiko lwe-copper ne-nickel oluyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-26 olwakhiwa ngoJulayi lapho inkampani engumzali yase-Brazil ithengisa u-10% esikhwameni saseSaudi iManara Minerals.

Amasheya kumvukuzi wethusi negolide wase-Indonesia, i-PT Amman Mineral Internasional, akhule ngokuphindwe kane kusukela afakwa ohlwini ngo-Julayi futhi azolokhu enyuka ngemva kokufakwa kwawo ezimakethe ezinkulu ezisafufusa ngoNovemba.

I-IPO ye-Amman Mineral yezigidi ezingu-715 zamaRandi ibe ngenkulu kunazo zonke emnothweni omkhulu waseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kulo nyaka futhi ibalwa esidingweni esinamandla sezimali zomhlaba wonke nezasekhaya.

Akuwona wonke amadili ahamba kahle kulo nyaka.

Kwamenyezelwa ngoJuni, isivumelwano sensimbi esingu-$1 bhiliyoni yisikhwama sesheke esingenalutho i-ACG Acquisition Co ukuze sithole.i-nickel yaseBrazil kanye nemayini yegolide yethusikusuka ku-Appian Capital, yaqedwa ngoSepthemba.

Isivumelwano sixhaswe nguGlencore, umzali wakwaChrysler uStellantis kanye nophiko lwebhethri yakwaVolkswagen iPowerCo ngokutshalwa kwezimali kwe-equity, kodwa njengoba amanani entengo ye-nickel ehla kwaba khona ukushoda kwentshisekelo kubatshalizimali abambalwa ngesikhathi somnikelo we-equity wama-dollar ayizigidi ezingama-300 owahlelwa yi-ACG njengengxenye ye-equity. deal.

Izingxoxo ngo-2022 zokuthola izimayini nazo zabhuntsha ngemuva kokuthi lowo obefake isicelo iSibanye-Stillwater ehoxile. Lokho kuthengiselana manje kuyisihloko sakhoizinyathelo zomthethongemuva kokuthi u-Appian efake isimangalo sika-$1.2 billion ngokumelene nomvukuzi waseNingizimu Afrika.

I-Nickel nosedive

Ngo-April, i-PT Trimegah Bangun Persada yase-Indonesia, eyaziwa kangcono ngokuthi i-Harita Nickel, inyuse ama-rupiah ayizigidi eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10 (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-672) kulokho okwakuwumnikelo omkhulu wokuqala womphakathi wase-Indonesia ngaleso sikhathi.

I-IPO ye-Harita Nickel yasheshe yaphenduka yaba muncu kubatshalizimali, nokho, njengoba amanani ensimbi engena ehla kancane futhi isikhathi eside. I-Nickel idlala kabi kakhulu phakathi kwezinsimbi eziyisisekelo, ecishe yehle ngohhafu yenani ngemuva kokuqala ukuhweba ngo-2023 ngaphezu kuka-$30,000 ithani.

Ngonyaka ozayo awubukeki kahle ngethusi likadeveli njengoba umkhiqizi ophezulu uNornickel ebikezela ukwanda kwensalela ngenxa yokushoda kwezimoto zikagesi kanye nokwenyuka okuhlinzekwayo okuvela e-Indonesia, okuphinde kuza nogqinsi lwe-cobalt:

“…ngenxa yomjikelezo wokususwa kwesitoko ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwe-EV, ingxenye enkulu yamabhethri e-LFP angewona awe-nickel, kanye noshintsho oluncane ukusuka ekuthengisweni kwe-BEV ukuya kwe-PHEV e-China. Khonamanjalo, ukwethulwa kwamakhono amasha e-nickel e-Indonesia kuqhubeke ngesivinini esikhulu.”

I-Palladiumfuthi kube nonyaka onzima, wehle ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ngo-2023 naphezu kokukhokhiswa sekwephuzile kusukela ekuncipheni kweminyaka eminingi ekuqaleni kukaDisemba. I-Palladium igcine ukuhweba ngo-$1,150 iwunsi.

I-China inyakazisa umsipha wayo obalulekile wamaminerali

NgoJulayi i-China yamemezela ukuthi izonciphisa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazweizinsimbi ezimbili ezingacacile kodwa ezibalulekileekubhebhethekeni kwempi yohwebo kwezobuchwepheshe ne-US kanye ne-Europe.

UBeijing uthe abathumeli bangaphandle bazodinga ukufaka izicelo zamalayisense kumnyango wezohwebo uma befuna ukuqala noma ukuqhubeka nokuthumela i-gallium ne-germanium ngaphandle kwezwe futhi kuzodingeka babike imininingwane yabathengi baphesheya nezicelo zabo.

I-China ingumthombo ophezulu kakhulu wazo zombili izinsimbi - ibalwa ku-94% we-gallium kanye nama-83% we-germanium, ngokocwaningo lwe-European Union mayelana nezinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile kulo nyaka. Lezi zinsimbi ezimbili zinenqwaba yezinto ezisetshenziswayo kuwo wonke ama-chipmaking, okokusebenza kwezokuxhumana kanye nokuvikela.

Ngo-Okthoba, i-China yathi izodinga izimvume zokuthumela ngaphandle kweminye imikhiqizo ye-graphite ukuvikela ukuphepha kwezwe. I-China ingumkhiqizi kanye nomkhiqizi we-graphite ohamba phambili emhlabeni. Iphinda icwenge ngaphezu kuka-90% wegraphite yomhlaba ibe yinto esetshenziswa cishe kuwo wonke ama-anode ebhethri e-EV, okuyingxenye yebhethri eshajwe kabi.

Abavukuzi base-USuthe umnyakazo waseChina ugcizelela isidingo sokuthi iWashington idambise eyayo inqubo yokubuyekezwa kwezimvume. Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ye-graphite esetshenziswa e-United States ivela e-China, ngokusho kwe-Alliance for Automotive Innovation, emele izinkampani ze-auto supply chain.

NgoDisemba, i-Beijing ivimbele ukuthunyelwa kobuchwepheshe ukwenza izibuthe zomhlaba ezingavamile ngoLwesine, yengeza ekuvinjweni osekukhona kakade kwezobuchwepheshe ukukhipha nokuhlukanisa izinto ezibalulekile.

I-Rare Earths iyiqembu lezinsimbi ezingu-17 ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza omagnethi abaguqula amandla abe ukunyakaza ukuze asetshenziswe ezimotweni zikagesi, izinjini zomoya kanye nezinto zikagesi.

Ngenkathi amazwe aseNtshonalanga ezama ukwethula owawoimisebenzi engavamile yokucubungula umhlaba, ukuvinjelwa kulindeleke ukuthi kube nomthelela omkhulu kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi “imihlaba esindayo engavamile,” esetshenziswa ezimotweni zezimoto zikagesi, emishinini yezokwelapha nezikhali, lapho i-China inombuso we-virtual monopoly ekucwengeni.

Okwangempela:UFrik Els | www.mining.com