Yini i-crusher?
Ngaphambi kokuthi sithole zonke izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-crusher - sidinga ukwazi ukuthi yini i-crusher nokuthi isetshenziselwa ini. I-crusher ingumshini owehlisa amatshe amakhulu abe amatshe amancane, amatshe, noma uthuli lwamatshe. Ama-crusher asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini zezimayini nezokwakha, lapho asetshenziselwa ukudiliza amatshe amakhulu kakhulu namatshe abe yizicucu ezincane. Ama-crusher nawo ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa imisebenzi efana nokubhidliza itiyela ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi womgwaqo noma amaphrojekthi okubhidliza. Imishini yokuhlikihla iza ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kanye nekhono, kusukela kumishini yokuchoboza imihlathi emincane ebiza okufanayo neloli elisha ukuya kwezingqimba ezinkulu zekhoni ezibiza izigidi zamaRandi. Ngakho konke lokhu kukhetha uzofuna ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi leyo oyikhethayo inamandla namandla adingekayo kuphrojekthi yakho ethile. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuba ne-crusher onawo kungakonga isikhathi esiningi nomsebenzi ngoba ngeke kudingeke ukuthi uzenzele izinto eziningi zokuzigaya ngokwakho. Lokhu kubenza babe yimpahla eyigugu kunoma ubani ongase adinge ukuchoboza izinto ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
Umlando omfushane wama-crusher
Ilungelo lobunikazi lokuqala lase-United States lomshini wokuchoboza amatshe lalingo-1830. Ubuchwepheshe bayo obubalulekile kwakuwumqondo wesando sokudonsa, otholakala endaweni yokugaya isitembu eyaziwa kakhulu, eyayizoxhunyaniswa ngokuphindaphindiwe nenkathi yegolide yezimayini. Eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, enye i-patent yase-US yakhishwa emshinini wokugaya umthelela. Isishicileli sakudala sakhiwe ngebhokisi lokhuni, isigubhu sokhuni esiyicylindrical, esiboshelwe kuso izando zensimbi. Ngenkathi womabili lawa malungelo obunikazi anikezwa, akekho umdali owake wamaketha okusunguliwe kwawo.
U-Eli Whitney Blake wasungula, wanelungelo lobunikazi, futhi wathengisa i-rock crusher yokuqala yangempela ngo-1858, yaziwa ngokuthi i-Blake Jaw Crusher. I-crusher kaBlake yayinethonya kangangokuthi amamodeli anamuhla asaqhathaniswa nemiklamo yakhe yasekuqaleni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-Blake Jaw Crusher ihlanganise umgomo womshini oyinhloko - ukuxhumanisa ukuguqula - umqondo wabafundi bomakhenika abawujwayele.
Ngo-1881, u-Philetus W. Gates wathola ilungelo lobunikazi lase-US ledivayisi yakhe enemibono eyisisekelo yama-crushers anamuhla. Ngo-1883 uMnu. uBlake waphonsela uMnu. Gates inselelo yokuchoboza ama-cubic yards angu-9 etshe emqhudelwaneni ukuze abone ukuthi iyiphi i-crusher ezoqeda umsebenzi ngokushesha. I-Gates crusher iqedele umsebenzi imizuzu engama-40 maduze!
Ama-crushers e-Gates' gyratory crushers ayethandwa yimboni yezimayini cishe amashumi amabili eminyaka kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka, cishe ngo-1910, lapho ama-crusher emihlathi kaBlake aqala ukuduma. Isidingo sama-crusher emihlathi anomlomo omkhulu sakhula njengoba imboni iqala ukuqonda amandla azo njengama-crushers ayinhloko ezinkwalini zamatshe. Ngokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa kukaThomas A. Edison, imishini emikhulu yasungulwa futhi yabekwa e-United States. Ama-crusher emihlathi anosayizi omncane nawo athuthukiswa njengama-crushers esibili nasezingeni eliphezulu.
Izifundo zika-Edison emkhakheni wezimayini nokuchotshozwa zishiye ifa elithuthukise unomphela ukuthi kuncishiswa kanjani amatshe amakhulu nezinto zokwakha.
Ukuchoboza kuyinqubo yokunciphisa noma yokuhlukanisa izinto ezinosayizi omkhulu zibe izinto ezinosayizi omncane. Kunezindlela ezine eziyisisekelo zokuchoboza.
Umthelela: Ukungqubuzana okusheshayo kwezinto ezinkulu ngokumelene nenye into ebekwe phakathi. Zombili izinto zingase zinyakaze noma eyodwa ithule ngenkathi enye ishaya ngokumelene nayo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokunciphisa umthelela, amandla adonsela phansi kanye ne-dynamic.
I-Attrition: Ukuhlikihla okubalulekile phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili eziqinile. Lena indlela efanelekile lapho unciphisa izinto ezingaqhume kancane ngoba zisebenzisa amandla amancane phakathi nenqubo. Izinto eziqinile bezingeke zisebenze kahle.
I-Shear: Ngokujwayelekile kuhlanganiswe nezinye izindlela zokunciphisa, ukugunda kusebenzisa indlela yokunquma futhi kusetshenziswa uma kufunwa umphumela omahhadla. Le ndlela yokunciphisa ivame ukubonakala ekuchosheni okuyinhloko.
Ukucindezelwa: Isici esibalulekile semishini yama-crusher emihlathini, ukucindezela kunciphisa izinto phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili. Ilungele izinto eziqinile, ezilumayo ezingalingani ama-crushers. Ukuminyanisa akufanelekile kunoma yini edabukisayo noma e-gummy.
Ukukhetha uhlobo olulungile lwendlela yokuchoboza kuhlukile kukho kokubili uhlobo lwempahla oyihlephulayo kanye nomkhiqizo owufunayo. Okulandelayo, kufanele unqume ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-crusher olufanelekela umsebenzi. Ukugcina ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokusebenza kahle engqondweni kuhlale kuwukucatshangelwa okuphezulu. Ukusebenzisa uhlobo olungalungile lwe-crusher kungaholela ekubambezelekeni okubizayo futhi kudle amandla amaningi kunalokho obekulindelwe phakathi nenqubo.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-crusher?
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zama-crusher kusukela kuma-crusher emihlathini kuya kuma- impactor nama-cone crushers. Ukuchoboza kuyinqubo eguquguqukayo futhi uhlobo lwe-crusher oludingayo luncike 'esiteji' sokuchoboza. Izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuchotshozwa ngezokuqala, ezesibili, neziphakeme - zonke zinezinzuzo zazo ezihlukile. Ukuchotshozwa okuyisisekelo kuhilela ukusebenzisa into enkulu njengamandla okuqala okubhidliza amatshe amakhulu kakhulu naqinile namatshe abe yizicucu ezincane ngaphambi kokuba adlulele esigabeni sesibili. I-secondary crushing ibhidliza izinsiza nangaphezulu ngaphambi kokuthi ziye ezingeni lemfundo ephakeme, okwenza umkhiqizo ube ngcono nakakhulu ongasetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi ehlukene ezimboni. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-crusher lwesiteji ngasinye sokuchotshozwa luchazwe kabanzi ngezansi.
Imishini yokuchoboza eyinhloko
Njengoba igama liphakamisa, lolu hlobo lokuchoboza lungowokuqala kule nqubo. Izinto ze-Run of Mine (ROM) zilethwa ngokuqondile kusukela kumaphrojekthi okuqhuma futhi kuchotshozwe i-crusher eyinhloko yomzuliswano wokuqala wokuchotshozwa. Kuleli qophelo, impahla ithola ukuncishiswa kwayo kokuqala kosayizi kusuka esimweni sayo esingavuthiwe. Ukuchotshozwa okuyinhloko kukhiqiza izinto ezisukela ku50" kuya ku-20"ngokwesilinganiso. Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-crushers ayisisekelo yilezi:
Ama-crusher emihlathini
Inani elikhulu lezinto ezisetshenziswayo kufakwa emhlathini “omise okwe-V” wale crusher futhi ancishiswa kusetshenziswa amandla acindezelayo. Olunye uhlangothi luka-V luhlala lumile kuyilapho olunye uhlangothi luka-V lushwibeka ngokumelene nalo. Impahla iphoqelelwa kusukela ekuvulekeni okubanzi kwe-V kuya endaweni encane kakhulu ye-V idala ukunyakaza okuchotshozayo. Ama-crusher emihlathi ayimishini emikhulu, eyisisindo esindayo ngokuvamile akhiwa ngensimbi ewuketshezi kanye/noma insimbi. Ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengomshini oyisisekelo, ama-crusher emihlathini anendawo yawo embonini. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa amatshe abe amatshe angewona umfaniswano.
I-Gyratory crushers
Ukugijima kwempahla yezimayini kudluliselwa ku-crusher-level hopper yezinga eliphezulu. Izindonga ze-crusher's hopper zifakwe izingcezu "ezimise okwe-V", i-mantle kanye ne-concave, njenge-crusher yomhlathi kodwa emise okwekhoni. I-ore ikhishwa ngembobo encane yokukhipha engezansi yekhoni. Nakuba i-cone inganyakazi, ukunyakaza kokuchotshozwa kwangaphakathi kwakhiwa i-shaft ejikelezayo phezu kwenduku eqondile. Isenzo esiqhubekayo siyadalwa okwenza kusheshe kune-crusher yomhlathi esebenzisa amandla amancane. Ngokuvamile amancane futhi abiza kakhulu kune-crusher yomhlathi, ama-crusher e-gyratory afanele amanani amakhulu wezinto ezisetshenziswayo lapho ijamo elifana kakhulu liyisifiso.
Imishini yokuchoboza yesibili
Ngemuva kokuthi izinto sezihambile emzuliswaneni wazo wokuqala wokuchotshozwa, zifakwa ku-crusher yesibili ukuze zihlakazwe ngokuqhubekayo. Usayizi wokufaka omaphakathi we-crusher yesibili usukela13" kuya ku-4"ngalesi sikhathi. Ukuchotshozwa kwesibili kubaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezizoqhubeka zisetshenziswe kumaphrojekthi kahulumeni. Isibonelo impahla echotshoziwe yesisekelo somgwaqo nokugcwalisa. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zemishini yokuchoboza yokucubungula okwesibili kuxoxwa ngazo ngezansi.
Ama-cone crushers
Ama-cone crushers angenye yezinketho eziyinhloko zokuchotshozwa kwesibili. I-cone crusher ingumshini onamandla osetshenziswa ezimbonini ezinkulu ukuchoboza izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinto zibe osayizi abancane. Isebenza ngokufaka ingcindezi ezintweni bese iyimpintsha ku-mantle ejikelezayo ukuze idale ukucindezelwa namandla. Impahla echotshoziwe iqala ihlehliswe phezulu kwekhoni lapho bese iwela phansi engxenyeni engezansi yekhoni ewumngcingo kakhulu. Kuleli qophelo i-cone crusher iphinda igxobe into ibe usayizi omncane kakhulu. Lokhu kuyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho impahla isincane ngokwanele ukuthi ingawa ngaphandle kokuvuleka okungezansi. Izinto eziphuma kumshini wokuchotshozwa kwekhoni zingasetshenziselwa amaphrojekthi amaningi ahlukene okuhlanganisa isisekelo somgwaqo kumaphrojekthi wokwakha, ukufakwa kabusha kwetiyela kugandaganda, noma emigodini yetsheti ukuze kwakhiwe umgwaqo. Ama-cone crushers afanele izinto eziqinile ezimaphakathi neziqinile - njenge-virgin rock kusuka kuma-quarries.
Ama-roller crushers
I-roller crusher inciphisa okubalulekile ngokuyicindezela phakathi kwamasilinda aphendukayo amabili, aqondane. Amasilinda afakwe ngokuvundlile enye iphumule eziphethwini eziqinile futhi enye ifakwe uzimele unomphela. Izinto zibe seziphakelwa phakathi kwalokhu okubili. Ukushintsha ibanga phakathi kwama-roller kukuvumela ukuthi ulawule usayizi odingekayo wokuphuma kwezinto. Isilinda ngasinye silungiswa kalula futhi sifakwe i-manganese ukuze sigqoke isikhathi eside. Ama-roller crusher ngokuvamile aletha okuphumayo okuhle futhi awafanele izinto eziqinile noma ezihuquzelayo.
Izigayo zesando nezingqimba zomthelela
Enye yama-crushers aguquguqukayo atholakalayo, izigayo zesando nama- impactors kungaba ama-crushers ayisisekelo, esibili, nasezingeni eliphezulu. Ama-crushers okugaya isando asebenzisa ukushaywa kwesando okuqhubekayo ukuze aphihlize futhi ahlakaze izinto. Ngokuvamile zivundlile ku-cylinder casing evaliwe. Izando zinamathiselwe kudiski futhi zishwibeka ngamandla amaphakathi ngokumelene ne-casing. Izinto zifakwa phezulu bese zichotshozwa izimpophoma ngembobo engezansi. Uzothola izigayo zesando ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini ezifana nezolimo, ezokwelashwa, ezamandla nokunye. Bahlinzeka ngemiphumela esebenza kahle kakhulu etholakalayo, iyaphatheka, futhi ingaphatha cishe noma iyiphi into.
Ama-crushers anomthelela anomgomo wokusebenza ofana kakhulu ngaphandle kokuthi izingxenye ezijikelezayo zishaye into efana nesando, esikhundleni salokho ajikijela okubalulekile kupuleti lomthelela eliwuhlephula. Ziphinde zize ngokulungiselelwa kweshaft evundlile noma eqondile kuye ngokukhiphayo okufunayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-02-2024